Siyakwamukela emishinini yokuzivocavoca yaseChina. Nalu uhlu lwamathiphu ayi-13 aphezulu ngaphambi kokuthi I-China Ingenise Izisetshenziswa Zokuzivocavoca—UNGATHENGI Ngaphambi Kokufunda Lokhu!
1. Izindleko Zokungenisa
Uzodinga ukuthola zonke izimali ozodinga ukuzikhokha ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda enkampanini yaphesheya kwezilwandle. Lezi zindleko zemishini yokuzivocavoca zingabandakanya:
izindleko zokuthutha kanye nomshwalense (kuye ngemibandela yohwebo oxoxisana ngayo)
I-GST
intela yempahla kanye nezintela
isitoreji
izindleko zezimali
izindleko zezinsizakalo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwabathengi bempahla noma abathumeli bempahla.
Cishe uzodinga ukukhomba intela efanele yentela yezimpahla ofuna ukuzingenisa ezweni ukuze uthole ukuthi uzodinga ukuthi uyikhokhe malini entela. Cishe uzodinga ukuhlinzeka ngezwe okuvela kuyo izimpahla kanye nenani (ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa kwempahla) ukuze ubale inani elifanele elikhokhwayo.
Sengiphetha, uma uhweba emhlabeni jikelele, izindleko zokufika ziyisici esibalulekile ekubaleni izindleko zokuthumela. Izindleko zokuwa yizindleko eziphelele zokuthumela umkhiqizo emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa inani lokuthenga, izimali zokuhamba, ukuguqulwa kwemali, imisebenzi, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindleko ezihambisanayo. Ngenxa yazo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlukene, izindleko zokufika zingaba nzima ukunquma, okuyilokho okudingayo ukuze ubone inzuzo yangempela yemikhiqizo yakho.
Uma usunombono wezindleko zokugcina zokufika kwento, uzokwazi ukuhlola ukuthi ukungenisa kuzoba yinketho engabizi yini yebhizinisi lakho lejimu. Kunezinkokhiso eziningi ezengeziwe ozodinga ukuzikhokha, ngaphezu kwezindleko zeyunithi ngayinye ezivela efekthri yaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi lezi zingangeza. Uzofuna ukwazi ukwenza imbuyiselo ephusile ekutshalweni kwezimali ngemuva kokuthi zonke lezi zindleko zicatshangelwe.
Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi uthole i-accountant yakho, umeluleki webhizinisi noma i-custom broker ukuthi enze izibalo zakho ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi uzibalile zonke izindleko ongase ungene kuzo.
2. Ukubala Izintela Nemisebenzi
Itemu yentela yokungenisa
I-International Chamber of Commerce's (ICC) Imigomo Yebhizinisi Yamazwe Ngamazwe yigama elisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuveza intengo noma izindaba eziphathelene nengcuphe ezihlobene nokuthuthwa kwempahla. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu uma kusayinwa inkontileka yilezi:
Lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwe-EXW, umphakeli unesibopho sokwenza izimpahla zitholakale futhi zilungele ukuthunyelwa lapho ziphuma efekthri. Umthuthi noma umthumeli wempahla unesibopho sokuthunyelwa kusukela ekwamukelweni kwezimpahla ngaphandle kwemboni kuze kufike endaweni yokugcina yokulethwa.
Lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwe-FOB, umphakeli unesibopho sokudlulisela izimpahla ethekwini lokulayisha futhi ungene emkhunjini. Kuleli qophelo, umthwalo wemfanelo udluliselwa kumthumeli wezimpahla kuze kufike indawo yokugcina yokulethwa.
Lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwe-CIF, inkampani yenethiwekhi inakekela umshwalense wempahla nowokuthutha ukuya echwebeni lokufika.
E-China, Inhlangano Yezokuthutha Zasolwandle ikhetha kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-incoterms amane avamile lapho kuthunyelwa kusuka e-China yi-EXW; I-FOB; I-CFR kanye ne-CIF. Ukuze unqume inani kanye nezibopho zawo wonke amaqembu ahililekile ekuthunyelweni kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-incoterm.
FOB noma CIF?
Ukuthunyelwa okuningi okuvela e-China kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwe-incoterms efanayo, okuyi-EXW noma i-FOB ngokujwayelekile. I-FOB iyaziswa kakhulu uma kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi komnikezeli nezinkampani zokuthutha zendawo ezizimisele ukuphatha ingxenye yokuqala yenqubo yokuthumela (kusuka endaweni yokugcina impahla noma efekthri kuya ku-POL). Lobu budlelwano obuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwabahlinzeki kanye nezinkampani zasendaweni buvumela amanani okuncintisana kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, le ngxenye yenqubo yokuthutha iphathwa ngendlela ehlelekile abahlinzeki baseShayina.
Kufanele ukhethe ama-incoterms afana ne-EXW noma i-FOB, lapho (cishe) konke ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuzophathwa futhi kugadwe ithimba lochwepheshe abazinikele.
Lawa ma-incoterms amabili afika nokulandwa embonini/esitolo (EXW) noma esikhumulweni sezindiza (i-FOB), okukukhulula emthwalweni onzima impela phakathi nenqubo yokuthutha.
3. Ukubalwa Kwentela
Inani lentela yokungenisa kanye nentela yentela ekhokhwayo ibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini noma inani lempahla engenisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi I-Duty Paying Value (DPV) futhi inqunywa ngokusekelwe enanini okwenziwe ngayo impahla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko ezihlobene nezokuthutha kanye namaphrimiyamu omshwalense emikhiqizweni ngaphambi kokuthulula esikhumulweni semikhumbi sokufika echwebeni lakho.
Izintela, njenge-VAT noma i-CT, azifakiwe ekunqumeni kwe-DPV. Elinye igama elifanelekile yiNtengo Ehlolwayo Ehlanganisiwe (CAP), okuyinhlanganisela ye-DPV, intela yokungenisa, kanye ne-CT uma ikhona.
Amafomula alandelayo abonisa ukuthi i-DPV ne-CAP zibalwa kanjani:
I-DPV = Izindleko zezimpahla + Izindleko zokuhamba + Umshwalense weCargo
Umsebenzi wokungenisa elizweni = DPV x Inani lentela
CAP = DPV + Umsebenzi wokungenisa = DPV x (1+inani lentengo)
I-VAT = I-CAP x Isilinganiso se-VAT
Ukwenza isibonelo, ake sithi inkampani yase-USA ingenisa imishini kwa-Ntaifitness futhi isayine inkontileka ngokuvumelana nentengo ye-FOB. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindleko zokuthumela nezomshwalense zizothwalwa umthengi wase-USA.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibopho esiyinhloko soMkhiqizi Wezinto Zokusebenza Zokusebenza Kwezohwebo ukulayisha imishini (izimpahla) emkhunjini ohlelwe umthengi wase-USA futhi asule izimpahla ezimpahleni ezilungele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Iyini imithetho ye-Incoterms?
Imithetho ye-Incoterms ye-ICC iyimibandela ebalulekile yomhlaba yohwebo yokuthengiswa kwempahla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugcwalisa i-oda lokuthenga, upakisha futhi ulebula ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezithuthwayo, noma ulungisa isitifiketi sokuzalwa echwebeni, imithetho ye-Incoterms ikhona ukuze ikuqondise. Imithetho ye-Incoterms inikeza isiqondiso esiqondile kubantu ngabanye ababamba iqhaza ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe nsuku zonke.
I-Incoterms isho ukuthini?
I-Incoterms isifinyezo esimele amatemu ajwayelekile okuhweba. I-Incoterms wuphawu lokuhweba lwe-International Chamber of Commerce, olubhaliswe emazweni amaningana. Imithetho ye-Incoterms ifaka izifinyezo zemibandela, njenge-FOB ('Imahhala Ebhodini'), i-DAP ('Ilethwe Endaweni') EXW ('Ex Works'), i-CIP ('Inqola Nomshwalense Okhokhelwayo'), wonke anezincazelo eziqondile zokuthengiswa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.
Uhlelo lwakamuva lwemithetho ye-Incoterms ithi Incoterms 2010.
I-Incoterms 2010 izohlala isebenza kulabo abayisebenzisayo.
https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/
4. Ukuthumela Izimpahla ezivela e-China: nge-Post, Courier, Air noma Sea?
Izinkonzo zezimpahla zasolwandle ezivela e-China: Inketho engabizi kakhulu. Nakuba le nketho ingathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu (izinsuku ezingu-3-60 ngokwesilinganiso kuye ngokuthi ukuphi nokuthi iya kuphi), lena indlela ekahle yokuthutha yalabo abanenani elikhulu lezimpahla abangazithumela futhi ingaba yinhle kakhulu, ukukhetha okongayo uma ucabanga ukuthi uzinike isikhathi esanele sokulinda ukuthunyelwa.
Lena enye yezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuthutha ngoba iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingathwala izinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla nokuthunyelwa. Ngale modi, kuzodingeka futhi unakekele ukukhishwa kwempahla kanye nemibhalo, futhi uma imikhiqizo yakho ifika echwebeni, kuzodingeka uthole ukuthi ungayithola kanjani ukusuka echwebeni ukuya endaweni yakho noma endaweni yakho yokugcina impahla.
Izimpahla ezinkulu, ezinkulu futhi ezinzima kakhulu zivamile kulolu hlobo lokuthutha.
Ukuthutha ngendiza kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela emzileni wase-European-Asian (isibonelo, izinsuku ezingu-5-7 kuphela e-China-UK indlu ngendlu) kuyilapho lesi sikhathi sokuthutha sikhuphuka sifike okungenani enyangeni eyodwa ngolwandle (izinsuku ezingu-40-45 ngempahla yasolwandle eya e-China-UK, umnyango nomnyango).
5. Ingabe Kufanele Usebenzise I-Freight Forwarder Ukuphatha Ukuthumela Kwakho?
Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzeli bemikhumbi abangakujabulela ukungena ngemvume njengabaphathi bakho bokuthumela ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho ifika lapho iya khona ngokushesha.
Iningi labangenisi abangenalwazi lizovumela umphakeli ukuthi aphathe konke ukuthunyelwa futhi uzobatshela ikheli lokuthumela nokuthi iyiphi ichweba okufanele aye kuyo, bese bevumela umphakeli ukuthi akubone lokho.
Lokho kungaba kuhle noma kubi. Kulungile ngomqondo wokuthi kuyinto eyodwa encane okudingeka ukhathazeke ngayo, kodwa ingaba yingozi ngoba ungagcina ukhokha kakhulu ngokuthunyelwa kwakho.
Ingabe Wena?
Amaqembu amaningi amakhulu akhethe ukunakekela zonke izinhlelo zokuthumela ngaphakathi ukuze abe nokulawula okugcwele phezu kwenqubo kanye nezindleko zokugcina zokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla.
Ngokuvamile bazogcina bebhukha indawo ngokuqondile nezinkampani zezindiza, izinkampani zamaloli, izintambo zemikhumbi, njll., futhi zibhekana nezimemezelo zentela emazweni womabili angenisa kanye nathumelayo.
Ukuphatha konke lokhu ngokwakho kungaba kuningi ongakuphatha, ikakhulukazi uma ungajwayele ukwenza noma inqubo.
Ngokuqinisekile ungakhetha le nketho; kodwa-ke, vele uqiniseke ukuthi unenqubo enhle yokulandela i-oda lakho futhi uphathe noma yiziphi izinto ezingalindelekile ezivelayo.
Uzofuna ukuhlola nezinkampani zenethiwekhi njalo futhi wazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo ongayibuza ukuze uthole ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwakho kukuphi nokuthi kuyaphi.
Uma kuphakama inkinga, uzodinga ukuxazulula inkinga futhi uthole ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze unciphise umthelela enawo ebhizinisini lakho noma kubhajethi yakho.
Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi abanawo umkhawulokudonsa wokubhekana nakho konke lokhu ngokwabo futhi bayazi ukuthi isikhathi sabo sibaluleke kakhulu - futhi amabhizinisi amaningi awanazo izinsiza zokuzama ukubhekana nakho konke ngokwawo.
6. Kusho Ukuthini Ukuletha Umnyango Nomnyango?
Ukulethwa kwendlu ngendlu kuyindlela evamile futhi elula yokuthunyelwa kwekhasimende. Kulokhu, ikhasimende likhululekile kuwo wonke amalungiselelo ahlobene nokuthunyelwa kweziqukathi zempahla yasolwandle. Siphethe yonke inqubo, siqala ngokulayishwa kwesiqukathi ngokulethwa ethekwini kuze kufike lapho siya khona.
Izinsizakalo zendlu ngendlu zingamasevisi okuthutha aphuma ekupheleni avumela ukuthutha impahla yakho isuka endaweni yakho yokugcina impahla/ifekthri/ ekhaya iziyise endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo yokugcina. Lezi zinsizakalo, ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi 'zonke-ngaphakathi' izixazululo zezokuthutha zizokwenza ikhasimende ngalinye liphathise uchwepheshe wezimpahla zalo ukuze zithunyelwe ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.
Njengengxenye yalezi zinsizakalo, ukhetha kokubili izindawo zokulanda nezokudiliva. Izisebenzi eziphethe ukuthunyelwa kwakho zinakekela izimpahla zakho ngokugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho nezincomo:
Ukhetha indawo ozolandwa kuyo: imboni yomphakeli, indawo yokugcina impahla, ichweba noma isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe ngamazwe.
Ukhetha indawo yokugcina yokulethwa: indawo yakho yokugcina impahla, ikhasimende lakho, noma indlu yakho.
Lezi zinsizakalo ziza nazo zonke izinqubo zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi okufanele zihlonishwe (ukukhishwa kwamasiko njll.) futhi zikuvumela ukuthi ulethe izimpahla zakho ngokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo.
I-Door to Door Services Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela
1) Ukuthutha kusuka efekthri kuya endaweni yokugcina impahla
Ukudluliswa kwezimpahla zisuka efekthri yomphakeli ziye endaweni yokugcina impahla kubizwa ngokuthi 'Thekelisa iHaulage'. Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kweloli elilodwa noma amaningana (mhlawumbe izitimela), futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela kuye ngebanga elizohanjwa.
Ingxenye enesibopho senhlangano yezokuthutha kanye nokukhokhwa kwezinto zokuhamba ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kuzoncika esivumelwaneni phakathi komphakeli nomthengi. Uma isivumelwano sibeka ukuthi umthengi unesibopho sokuthunyelwa, khona-ke umthengi kufanele ahlele ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla zisuka efekthri ziye endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo yokugcina.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isivumelwano sibeka ukuthi umthengi uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuthutha uhhafu wendlela, umthumeli uzoba ophethe ukuthunyelwa kusukela kulesi sinyathelo sokuqala.
2) Thekelisa amasiko isimemezelo
Ukugunyazwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kudingwa yiziphathimandla zezwe lendabuko ukubhalisa zonke izimpahla eziphuma endaweni. Ukugunyazwa kweCustoms kwenziwa yi-custom broker ogunyaziwe. Idokhumenti ememezela ngokucophelela yonke into equkethwe ekuthunyelweni iyadingeka, kanye namanye amarekhodi okuphatha asekelayo (isb, amalayisense okuthunyelwa kwe-China).
3) Izindleko zokusingatha umsuka kanye nezinsizakalo
Ukuphathwa kwezimpahla ngaphambi kokuhamba kuza nemisebenzi eminingana okufanele yenziwe umthumeli wezimpahla noma i-ejenti. Umthumeli wempahla uthola imikhiqizo ngemva kokwethula iloli ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi ukuthunyelwa. Umthwalo uzokwamukelwa ngemva kokuhlola ukupakishwa nokulawula wonke amadokhumenti okuphatha.
4) Ukuphatha esikhumulweni sezindiza / esikhumulweni sezindiza sokulayisha
Uma ukuthunyelwa sekwamukelwe, kugcinwa endaweni yokugcina impahla bese kulayishwa esitsheni ukuze kudluliselwe esikhumulweni sezindiza okuvunyelwene ngaso. Izimpahla zingalayishwa emkhunjini owodwa noma eminingana kuye ngenani eliphelele lokuthenga. Uma inani linganele ukugcwalisa ibhokisi lonke, ukuthengwa kuzolayishwa esitsheni okwabelwana ngaso nezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amakhasimende ukuze kufinyelelwe embobeni efanayo yokugcina okuyiwa kuyo. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL (ngaphansi komthwalo wesitsha). Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba, izimpahla eziningi zipakishwa esitsheni futhi zithuthwe ngeloli ziyiswe esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ibhokisi lipakishwe namanye amabhokisi azolayishwa emkhunjini ofanayo.
5) Customs imvume lapho ufika
Iziphathimandla zidinga imvume yokungena ezweni lapho zifika zonke izimpahla ezingena ezweni. Lesi sinyathelo sihlanganisa ukumemezela imikhiqizo kanye namanani ayo ukuze kunqunywe inani lentela okufanele ikhokhwe (uma kwenzeka kungabikho ukukhululwa).
Ukugunyazwa kweCustoms kuhlanganisa ukwethula wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo kubaphathi bezokuthutha ukuze kukhululwe umthwalo futhi baqhubeke nenqubo. Inqubo yokugunyazwa kwempahla engenayo ingaqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuthunyelwa kufinyelele lapho kuya khona, futhi kufanele kuqedwe ngaphambi kokuba ukuthengwa kweqe imingcele yokuhweba yezwe.
Impahla ithathwa njengengena ezweni uma yeqa umngcele futhi ishiya indawo yamasiko (noma indawo yamazwe ngamazwe). Umthumeli wempahla, i-ejenti yakhe, noma umdayisi oqokiwe wentela angase enze imvume yokungena ezweni inqobo nje uma enelayisensi esemthethweni. Umuntu ophethe ukugunyazwa kwentela engenayo kufanele athole wonke amaphepha adingekayo ukuze lolu hlelo luqale.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo ingaqalwa ngamakhophi amaphepha askeniwe, nakuba ezinye iziphathimandla zidinga okwangempela ngaphambi kokuba ziqedele ngokuphelele inqubo. Ngaphandle uma i-Incoterm DDP isetshenziswa ekuthunyelweni (Intela Yempahla Ekhokhelwayo), kuyisibopho somthengi ukuhlela nokukhokhela imvume yempahla. Ngokuvamile, kulula ukuvumela umthumeli wakho wezimpahla noma i-ejenti ukuthi ikusule impahla yakho, inqobo nje uma enawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo.
6) Ukuphatha lapho uya khona
Imisebenzi eminingi kufanele iqedwe uma umthwalo usufike lapho uya khona. Iqala lapho ukuthunyelwa kutholwa, futhi imibhalo iqinisekiswa yi-ejenti lapho. Khona-ke, isitsha sikhishwa endaweni yokugcina impahla ethekwini siyiswe endaweni yokugcina impahla, lapho impahla ihlolwa futhi ihlungwe ukuze ihanjiswe noma iqoqwe.
7) Ukulethwa endaweni oya kuyo
Ukudluliswa kwempahla isuka endaweni yokugcina impahla iye ekhelini lothumeli kukhethwe njengokuthi 'indawo okuyiwa kuyo noma ukuthutha kwamanye amazwe'. Iloli elilodwa noma amaningana (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nesitimela) kuqashwa ukuthutha izimpahla endaweni yokugcina impahla. Lesi sinyathelo singathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuye ngebanga.
Enkonzweni yendlu ngendlu, ukuthutha kwenziwa ngumdluliseli onakekela ukulethwa kokugcina. Ikhasimende lingakwazi futhi ukucosha izimpahla esitolo somthumeli wezimpahla bese liphatha ukulethwa kokugcina ngokwalo. Ngokuvamile, abantu/izinkampani ezisebenza ngesabelomali esiqinile zikhetha lesi sixazululo, esishibhile.
7. Kubiza malini Ukuthumela kusuka e-China?
Izindleko zokuthumela zincike kumsuka, indawo oya kuyo, isevisi, isisindo sephakheji, nokunye okucatshangelwayo.
Kanye nosayizi wephakheji lakho, isisindo salo sincike kakhulu ezindlekweni zakho zokuthumela. Amaphakheji asindayo abiza ngaphezulu ukuthunyelwa.
Usayizi wephakheji uyisici esibalulekile sokunquma izinga lakho lokuthumela. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, lapho ibhokisi lilikhulu, kubiza kakhulu ukulithumela.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane kangcono nezidingo zeklayenti ngalinye, ukuhlukahluka okuningana kwamazinga namasevisi kuyatholakala. Ngale ndlela, ungakhetha phakathi kwezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko mayelana nempahla yasolwandle:
Umthwalo Wesitsha Esigcwele (FCL)
inikeza izinhlobo ezimbili zeziqukathi ezigcwele:
Izinyawo ezingu-20, namandla angaphakathi angama-cubic metres angu-33
Noma amamitha angu-40, akwazi ukuthwala kufika kuma-cubic metres angama-66.
Lesi sixazululo siqinisekisa inqubo yokuthutha ephephile nethembekile, njengoba isiqukathi sakho sizovalwa kusukela ekusukeni kuya ekhelini lokugcina oya kulo.
Ngaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha (LCL)
Le nketho iyonga kakhulu kumavolumu aphansi, njengoba ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesiqukathi izosetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla yakho. Lesi sixazululo sikuvumela ukuthi wehlise kakhulu izindleko zakho zokuthumela. Imikhiqizo yakho ilayishwa ebhokisini eduze naleyo yamanye amakhasimende, futhi uzogcina ukhokhele kuphela isikhala osidingayo.
I-LCL inconywa ngevolumu ephakathi kuka-0-15m3. Nokho, kungase kuhluke kuye ngokuthi ichweba lokusuka khona.
8. Singakanani Isikhathi Sokulethwa?
Zibalwa kanjani izinsuku zokuthumela nezokulethwa? Lolo suku lokulethwa lungase lungatholakali phakathi nalelo windi lesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko kuhlu lwamagama noma umthamo wokulethwa ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho.
Kungaba noma yini phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12 nezingu-60, konke kuya ngokuthi uthumela kuliphi izwe nokuthi ukhetha yiphi indlela yokuthutha. I-oda lakho lizolethwa zingakapheli izinsuku zebhizinisi ezingama-60. Sicubungula futhi sikuthumele i-oda lakho ngendlela eyonga kakhulu ukuze sikwazi ukudlulisela ukonga kuwe ngendlela yokuthunyelwa kwamahhala.
Uma uhlala endaweni ehlangabezana nokulibaziseka kwesevisi okungalindelekile (isimo sezulu esibi, izinhlekelele zemvelo, imicimbi engahleliwe, njll.), sicela wengeze okungenani izinsuku zebhizinisi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 osukwini olulinganiselwe lokulethwa kwe-oda lakho.
Isikhathi sokuthutha sibalwa kusetshenziswa izinsuku zebhizinisi, okusho ukuthi uMgqibelo neSonto azibali ukuya esikhathini sezokuthutha. Amaholide nawo ayacatshangelwa lapho kubalwa isikhathi sokuthutha.
Nokho, ngokuvamile, uma ungenisa izimpahla kwelinye lamachweba amakhulu e-China ukuya e-Los Angeles noma e-Long Beach, ubheka cishe amasonto amabili emanzini. Nokho, ungalindeli ukuthi izimpahla zakho zibe sezandleni zakho zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14.
Umthwalo wamazwe ngamazwe uyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma ukhetha phakathi kwezindlela zokuthumela ezihlukene.
Lesi sibali sesikhathi sokuhamba ngemikhumbi samazwe ngamazwe sinikeza isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuhamba samaloli aphakathi nezwe ahlanganisiwe, umoya, nempahla yasolwandle, ukuze kuhlinzekwe isilinganiso esibanzi sesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwempahla.
Isikhathi sokulethwa esilinganiselwe singesereferensi kuphela futhi singahluka esikhathini sangempela sokulethwa. Ngicela wenze ukwahlulela kwakho ngokwesimo esiqondile.
9. Ungakwazi yini Ukukhokhela Ukungenisa?
Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uyakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokungenisa. Ukungenisa kwamanye amazwe kufuna imali ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Esokuqala ukuthi uma kubhekwa izindleko eziphezulu zokuthumela noma zokuthutha, kubiza kakhulu ukubeka ama-oda ambalwa amakhulu kunama-oda amancane - ngakho-ke ama-oda wokungenisa avame ukubamakhulu, ngakho-ke ayabiza.
Isizathu sesibili ukuthi ukungenisa ezweni kubopha imali yokusebenza. Umuntu othenga kuye uzocela inkokhelo kusenesikhathi, noma acele incwadi yesikweletu noma esinye isiqinisekiso sokukhokha ebhange lakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukufinyelela imali noma uyisebenzisele ukuqhuba ibhizinisi lakho ngesikhathi esiphakathi kokufaka i-oda nokulikhokhela, elingasabalala ezinyangeni eziningi kwamanye ama-oda.
Yenza isibikezelo sokugeleza kwemali ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi usengakwazi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi lakho ngempumelelo kuyilapho unemali eboshelwe kuma-oda wokungenisa. Khuluma no-accountant wakho, umphathi webhange, noma umeluleki wezezimali ukuze uhlole kabili ukuthi awukashayi indiva yini into ebalulekile.
10. Izingozi Zokungenisa
Ziningi izingcuphe ezihambisana nokungenisa ngaphandle kokuthenga endaweni, futhi udinga ukuqaphela lokhu ukuze uzilawule ngempumelelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi elandelayo nokukhathazeka kokulethwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwakho nomphakeli wakho lingaba likhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunzima kuwe ukuthi uhlole, noma ubhekane nezinkinga ezifana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Ibanga lokudiliva liya phambili, futhi isikhathi sokulethwa side, okwenza ukubuyisela izimpahla kube nzima.
Ngenxa yesikhathi esisithathayo ukuletha, ungase ugcine usesimweni lapho kufanele wamukele izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphansi, ngenxa nje yokuthi awukwazi ukuthola umkhiqizo oshintshwayo wekhwalithi efanele ngesikhathi uma umphakeli wakho ekuvumela ukuba ulahlekelwe.
Uzodinga ukuqikelela ukuthi uthole abahlinzeki abathembekile futhi ufake ama-oda kuphela ngemibandela ekunikeza ikhava lapho ungalethiwe, futhi ufake nezinhlawulo zokulethwa sekwephuzile noma ezimpahleni ezingekho ezingeni. Kuyakhokha futhi ukuba nabanye abahlinzeki, ngakho-ke une-backup uma uyidinga.
11. Ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushintshisana
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushintshisana ngenye ingcuphe engaba khona ongachayeka kuyo njengothekelisi. Cishe uthenga izimpahla ezinenani lemali yangaphandle, okusho ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushintshisana kungase kuthinte inani lokugcina ozogcina ulikhokha ngamadola ase-US.
Umphakeli oshibhe kakhulu akayena ngempela umphakeli ongcono kakhulu ongabhekana naye mayelana nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umhlinzeki othembekile. Ufuna ukuthola umphakeli oqiniseka ngokunengqondo:
ngeke inyamalale ngobusuku nemali yakho
izoletha ngesikhathi
izohlinzeka ngemikhiqizo oyicacisile futhi ngeleveli yekhwalithi elindelwe
izokwazisa uma kunezinkinga noma ukubambezeleka
Cela ukubona uhlu lwamakhasimende abangaba abahlinzeki bakho abangaba abahlinzeki bakho bese uthintana nabo ukuze uthole izinkomba. Yenza isheke lesikweletu enkampanini, futhi uma ukwazi, sebenzisa imali ngokomzimba
bavakashele futhi uhlole izindawo zabo, imishini, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo. Uma ungakwazi ukuhlela ukuvakasha kwesayithi, okungenani gcizelela amasampula ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho.
12. Ukusebenzisana nabaphakeli baphesheya kwezilwandle
Ukusebenzelana nabahlinzeki bempahla kwelinye izwe ngokuvamile kuhilela umqansa wokufunda. Kungenzeka usebenzelana nabantu abangakhulumi ulimi olufana nolwakho, futhi abamasiko nezindinganiso zabo zihlukile kwezakho. Amathuba okungaqondi kahle kanye nokungaxhumani kahle aphezulu kakhulu kunalapho usebenza nabahlinzeki bendawo.
13. Imibandela yokuhweba
Ngaphambi kokuthi usayine i-oda lokungenisa, uzodinga ukuqonda imigomo yokuhweba esetshenziswa abathekelisa nabathumela ngaphandle, futhi uzodinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zinokuqonda okufanayo kwale migomo.
Ukubhekana nemibandela efana ne-EX (imisebenzi yangaphambili noma indawo yakudala, indawo yokugcina izimpahla, noma ipulazi), i-FAS (Umkhumbi Wamahhala Oseceleni), kanye ne-FOB (Yamahhala Ugibele) akunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale kuqala. I-International Chamber of Commerce ithuthukise imithetho emisiwe yokuchazwa kwamagama ohwebo abizwa ngokuthi ama-Incoterms.
I-Incoterms 2010 isetshenziswa njengamanje, kodwa uhlelo olubuyekeziwe, lwe-Incoterms 2020, kulindeleke ukuthi luqale ukusebenza ngo-2020. Umnyango wezohwebo wamazwe ngamazwe webhange lakho, umenzeli othumela impahla noma i-Chamber of Commerce yangakini kufanele akwazi ukukusiza ngalokhu.
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