Míexɔ mi nyuie ɖe China kamedefefewɔƒe ƒe dɔwɔnuwo. Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Nyuitɔ 13 Hafi Nàtsɔ Lãmesẽfefewɔƒe Dɔwɔnuwo Va China—MÈGAƒlee Hafi Nàxlẽ Esia o!
1. Ga Siwo Wogblẽna Ðe Nusiwo Wotsɔ Va Duta Ŋu
Ahiã be nànya fe siwo katã wòle be nàxe hafi awɔ nudɔdɔ na dɔwɔƒe aɖe si le duta. Kamedefefewɔnuwo ƒe gazazã siawo siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ate ŋu anye:
ʋuɖoɖo kple nugblẽfexexe ƒe gazazãwo (le asitsatsa ƒe ɖoɖo siwo ŋu miewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo nu) .
GST ƒe GST
dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe kple adzɔxexe
nudzadzraɖo
ganyawo ŋuti fewo
fe siwo woxena ɖe dɔwo abe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxehawo alo agbatsɔlawo zazã ene ta.
Anɔ eme be ahiã be nàde dzesi adzɔnu siwo nèdi be yeatsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe adzɔ si sɔ si woaxe ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ta be nàte ŋu anya ga home si wòahiã be nàxe le dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe me. Anɔ eme be ahiã hã be nàna dukɔ si me adzɔnuwo tso kple asixɔxɔ si le wo ŋu (ne wometsɔ wo ɖo ɖe wo o) be nàbu ga home si sɔ si nàxe.
Le nyataƒoƒo me la, ne èle asitsadɔ wɔm le xexeame katã la, anyigbadzi gazazã nye nu vevi aɖe le akɔntabubu me le agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ƒe gazazã ŋu. Fell cost nye ga si wozãna ɖe adzɔnu aɖe ɖoɖo ɖe xexeame katã ŋu katã, si me nuƒlefe, ʋuɖofe, ga ƒe tɔtrɔ, adzɔxexe, kple gazazã bubu ɖesiaɖe si do ƒome kplii hã le. Le nu vovovo siwo katã trɔna ta la, anyigba ƒe gazazã ate ŋu asesẽ be woanya, si nye nusi nèhiã be nàkpɔ viɖe ŋutɔŋutɔ si le wò adzɔnuwo ŋu.
Ne ènya nya nu tso ga home mamlɛtɔ si woatsɔ awɔ nu aɖe ƒe anyigba ŋu ko la, àte ŋu akpɔe ɖa be etsɔtsɔ tso duta vɛ anye tiatia si me gazazã mele o na wò kamedefefewɔƒea hã. Fe bubu geɖewo li siwo wòahiã be nàxe, siwo wu ga si nàxe ɖe nu ɖeka ta tso dɔwɔƒe aɖe si le duta, eye esiawo ate ŋu aƒo ƒu. Àdi be yeate ŋu akpɔ viɖe si sɔ tso ga si nède eme me ne wobu gazazã siawo katã ŋu vɔ.
Enyo be nàna wò akɔntanyala, asitsanyawo ŋuti aɖaŋuɖola alo dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxeha nato wò akɔntabubuwo me akpɔ egbɔ be yebu ga siwo katã nàte ŋu agblẽ la ŋu.
2. Adzɔwo Kple Adzɔxexe ƒe Akɔntabubu
Nyagbɔgblɔ si wozãna na adzɔ siwo woxena ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ta
Dukɔwo Dome Asitsahabɔbɔ (ICC) ƒe Dukɔwo Dome Asitsanyawoe nye nya si wozãna wu tsɔ ɖea asixɔxɔ alo nya siwo ku ɖe afɔku ŋu siwo do ƒome kple adzɔnuwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ ŋu gblɔ. Nusiwo wozãna wu ne wole asi dem nubabla te enye:
Ne wole adzɔnuwo ɖom ɖe EXW te la, nudzrala ƒe agbanɔamedzie wònye be wòana adzɔnuwo nanɔ anyi eye woanɔ klalo be woaɖo wo ɖa ne wodo le dɔwɔƒea. Agbatsɔla alo agbatsɔla ƒe agbanɔamedzie wònye be wòaɖo agbaa ɖa tso esime woxɔ nunɔamesi siwo le dɔwɔƒea godo vaseɖe teƒe mamlɛtɔ si woatsɔe aɖo ɖe amewo.
Ne wole adzɔnuwo ɖom le FOB te la, nudzrala la ƒe agbanɔamedzie wònye be wòaɖo adzɔnuwo ɖe melidzeƒe si wotsɔa agbawo ɖonae eye wòaɖo tɔdziʋua. Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, wotsɔa agbanɔamedzia dea agbatsɔla la si vaseɖe esime woaɖoe ɖe teƒe mamlɛtɔ.
Ne woɖo tɔdziʋu le CIF te la, agbatsɔʋua kpɔa agbatsɔtsɔ kple ʋuɖoɖo ƒe nugblẽfexeɖoɖo dzi yi melidzeƒe si woɖoe ɖo.
Le China la, Ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ Habɔbɔa tiaa nu geɖe ŋutɔ. Le goawo katã me la, incoterms ene siwo bɔ ne wole tɔdziʋuwo ɖom tso China enye EXW; FOB; CFR kple CIF. Be woanya asi kple agbanɔamedzi siwo le akpa ɖesiaɖe si kpɔ gome le dukɔwo dome agbalẽɖoɖoɖa me dzi la, ele vevie be woase nusi incoterm nye gɔme.
FOB alo CIF?
Woɖoa nusiwo wotsɔ tso China ƒe akpa gãtɔ ɖe incoterms mawo ke te, siwo nye EXW alo FOB le bliboe. Wokpɔa ŋudzedze ɖe FOB ŋu vevietɔ ne ƒomedodo kplikplikpli aɖe le nudzrala kple nutoa me ʋuɖodɔwɔƒe siwo lɔ̃ be yewoakpɔ meliɖoɖoa ƒe akpa gbãtɔ gbɔ (tso nudzraɖoƒe alo dɔwɔƒea va ɖo POL) dome. Ƒomedodo siawo siwo nɔa anyi didi le nudzralawo kple nutoa me dɔwɔƒewo dome nana be woate ŋu akpɔ ga home si hoa hoʋiʋli ŋutɔ. Esia wɔe be Chinatɔwo ƒe nudzralawo kpɔa ʋuɖoɖo ƒe akpa sia gbɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu.
Ele be nàtia incoterms abe EXW alo FOB, afisi (kloe) woakpɔ wò agbalẽɖoɖoɖawo katã gbɔ eye dɔwɔla bibi siwo tsɔ wo ɖokui na ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe akpɔ wo dzi le.
Incoterm eve siawo va kple pick-up tso dɔwɔƒea/nudzraɖoƒe (EXW) alo tso melidzeƒe si wodzona (FOB), si naa ablɔɖe wò tso agbanɔamedzi sesẽ aɖe ŋutɔ me le ʋuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa me.
3. Adzɔxexe ƒe Akɔntabubu
Wobua adzɔ si woaxe ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ kple dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔ si woaxe ta ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ɖe adzɔnu siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe asi alo asixɔxɔ dzi, si woyɔna be Duty Paying Value (DPV) eye wotua esia ɖe adzɔnuwo ƒe asi si wowɔ le asitsatsa me dzi. Esia lɔ gazazã siwo ku ɖe ʋuɖoɖo ŋu kple nugblẽfexeɖoɖo siwo woxena ɖe nuawo ta hafi woaɖe agba le melidzeƒe si nèva ɖo le wò melidzeƒea ɖe eme.
Adzɔwo, abe VAT alo CT ene, mele DPV ƒe nyametsotso me o. Nya bubu si sɔ enye Composite Assessable Price (CAP), si nye DPV, adzɔ si woxena ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ, kple CT ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ne esɔ.
Mɔfiame siwo gbɔna ɖe alesi wobua DPV kple CAP ŋui fia:
DPV = Adzɔnuwo ƒe asi + Ʋuɖoɖo ƒe asi + Agbawo ƒe nugblẽfexeɖoɖo
Adzɔ si woxena ɖe nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ta = DPV x Adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme
CAP = DPV + Nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta ƒe adzɔ = DPV x (1+adzɔxexe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme)
VAT = CAP x VAT ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme
Le kpɔɖeŋu me, tsɔe be USA dɔwɔƒe aɖe le mɔ̃wo xɔm tso Ntaifitness eye wòde asi nubabla te le FOB ƒe asixɔxɔ nu. Eyata USA ƒe nuƒlelae axe meliɖoɖo kple nugblẽfexexe ƒe gazazãwo katã.
Esia fia be Commercial Fitness Equipment Manufacturer ƒe dɔ vevitɔe nye be wòatsɔ mɔ̃awo (adzɔnuwo) ade meli si ŋu USA nuƒlela wɔ ɖoɖo ɖo la me eye wòaɖe adzɔnuwo ɖa le dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔnuwɔƒe siwo le klalo be woatsɔ wo ayi duta.
Nukae nye Incoterms ƒe sewo?
ICC ƒe Incoterms sewo nye xexeame ƒe asitsatsa ƒe ɖoɖo veviwo hena adzɔnuwo dzadzra. Eɖanye be èle nuƒle ƒe sedede ŋlɔm, èle agbatsɔʋu aɖe bablam hele dzesi dem eŋu na agbatsɔʋuwo o, alo nèle ɖaseɖigbalẽ si ɖee fia be edzɔ tso melidzeƒe aɖe dzram ɖo o, Incoterms ƒe sewo li be woafia mɔ wò. Incoterms ƒe seawo naa mɔfiame tɔxɛ ame ɖekaɖeka siwo kpɔa gome le xexeame katã ƒe asitsatsa ƒe asitsatsa kple wo tsɔtsɔ yi duta me gbesiagbe.
Nukae Incoterms tsi tre ɖi na?
Incoterms nye kpukpui si tsi tre ɖi na asitsatsa ŋuti nya siwo wozãna le mɔ gbadza nu. Incoterms nye Dukɔwo Dome Asitsahabɔbɔ ƒe asitsadzesi, si wode agbalẽ me le dukɔ geɖe me. Incoterms ƒe seawo ɖe nɔnɔmewo ƒe kpukpuiwo fia, abe FOB ('Free on Board'), DAP ('Delivered at Place') EXW ('Ex Works'), CIP ('Carriage and Insurance Paid To'), siwo katã gɔmesese tututu le wo ŋu na adzɔnuwo dzadzra le xexeame godoo.
Incoterms ƒe seawo ƒe tata yeyetɔ enye Incoterms 2010.
Incoterms 2010 akpɔtɔ anɔ dɔ wɔm na amesiwo zãa wo.
https://iccwbo.org/nunɔamesiwo-na-asitsatsa/incoterms-sewo/incoterms-sewo-2010/
4. Adzɔnuwo ɖoɖoɖa tso China: to Posu, Gbeƒãɖela, Yameʋu alo Ƒua dzi?
Ƒudzi agbatsɔʋuwo tso China: Tiatia si me ga mele o. Togbɔ be tiatia sia ate ŋu axɔ ɣeyiɣi didi wu (ŋkeke 3-60 le mamã dedie nu le afisi nèle kple afisi wòyina nu), esia nye mɔnu nyui aɖe si dzi woato aɖo wo ɖe amesiwo si adzɔnu gbogbo aɖewo le be woaɖo wo ɖe wo eye ate ŋu anye tiatia gã aɖe ŋutɔŋutɔ, si me ga mele o ne míetsɔe be èna ɣeyiɣi si sɔ na ɖokuiwò be yealala nudɔdɔa.
Esia nye tiatia siwo wozãna wu le nuwo ɖoɖoɖa me dometɔ ɖeka elabena ete ŋu trɔna ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu ale gbegbe eye wòte ŋu tsɔa adzɔnu kple nudɔdɔ ƒomevi vovovo geɖe. Ne èzã mɔnu sia la, ele be nàkpɔ dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe mɔɖeɖe kple nuŋlɔɖiwo hã dzi, eye ne wò adzɔnuwo nya ɖo melidzeƒea ko la, ele be nàbu alesi nàwɔ atsɔ wo tso melidzeƒea ayi wò dɔwɔƒe alo nudzraɖoƒea ŋu.
Nu gã siwo lolo ŋutɔ kple esiwo kpekpe ŋutɔ bɔ ɖe agbalẽɖoɖo sia ƒomevi me.
Yameʋuɖoɖo xɔa ŋkeke ʋee aɖewo ko na Europa-Asia mɔzɔzɔ (le kpɔɖeŋu me, ŋkeke 5-7 koe na China-UK tso ʋɔtru nu yi ʋɔtru nu) esime mɔzɔzɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi sia yia dzi va ɖoa ɣleti ɖeka ya teti to ƒu dzi (ŋkeke 40-45 le ƒudzi agbatsɔtsɔ na China-UK, tso ʋɔtru nu yi ʋɔtru nu).
5. Ðe Wòle Be Nàzã Agbatsɔʋuwo Na Wò Tɔdziʋuɖoɖo Dzikpɔkpɔa?
Tɔdziʋuɖola ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe li siwo akpɔ dzidzɔ be yewoade asi agbalẽ te abe wò meliɖoɖodzikpɔla ene be woakpɔ egbɔ be wò adzɔnuwo ɖo afisi wole yiyim ɖo kaba.
Ame geɖe siwo si nuteƒekpɔkpɔ mele o siwo tsɔa nuawo vaa duta la ana nudzrala la nakpɔ meliɖoɖoa katã dzi eye woagblɔ meliɖoɖo ƒe adrɛs kple melidzeƒe si wòle be wòayi na wo, eye emegbe woaɖe mɔ na nudzrala la be wòakpɔe ɖa.
Ema ate ŋu anye nyui alo vɔ̃. Esɔ le gɔmesesea nu be enye nu ɖeka si ŋu wòle be nàtsi dzi ɖo vie, gake ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ame ŋu elabena àte ŋu ava xe fe si gbɔ eme ɖe wò agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ta mlɔeba.
Wò ŋutɔ Wɔe?
Ƒuƒoƒo gã geɖe tiae be yewoakpɔ adzɔnuwo ɖoɖoɖa ƒe ɖoɖowo katã gbɔ le wo ɖokui me ale be yewoakpɔ ŋusẽ blibo ɖe alesi woawɔe kple ga si woatsɔ aɖo adzɔnuwoe mlɔeba dzi.
Zi geɖe la, woava wu enu ɖe yameʋudɔwɔƒewo, agbatsɔʋudɔwɔƒewo, meliɖoɖodɔwɔƒewo, kple bubuawo gbɔ tẽ, eye wokpɔa dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxegbalẽwo hã gbɔ le dukɔ siwo tsɔa nuawo vaa dukɔa me kple esiwo tsɔa wo ɖoa duta siaa me.
Ele be wò ŋutɔ nàkpɔ nusiawo katã gbɔ ate ŋu anye nu geɖe si gbɔ wòle be nàkpɔ, vevietɔ ne mènya nuwɔna alo alesi wowɔa dɔae nyuie o.
Àte ŋu atia tiatia sia godoo; ke hã, ɖeko nàkpɔ egbɔ be ɖoɖo nyui aɖe le ye si be yeatsɔ akplɔ yeƒe nudɔdɔa ɖo ahakpɔ nu ɖesiaɖe si mèle mɔ kpɔm na o si ado mo ɖa gbɔ.
Àdi be yeakpɔ ʋuɖolawo gbɔ enuenu eye yeanya nya siwo nàbia be yeanya afisi yeƒe nudɔdɔa le kple afisi wòyina.
Ne kuxi aɖe do mo ɖa la, ahiã be nàkpɔ kuxia gbɔ ahakpɔ nusi nàwɔ be wòaɖe ŋusẽ si wòakpɔ ɖe wò dɔwɔƒea alo wò gazazã dzi dzi akpɔtɔ.
Ame akpa gãtɔ kpɔnɛ dzea sii be yewo ŋutɔwo mekpɔa bandwidth si woatsɔ akpɔ nusiawo katã gbɔ o eye wonya be yewoƒe ɣeyiɣia xɔ asi wu – eye ɖeko dɔwɔƒe akpa gãtɔ mekpɔa nunɔamesiwo be woawo ŋutɔwo nadze agbagba akpɔ nusianu gbɔ o.
6. Nukae Gbeƒãɖeɖe tso Ʋɔtru Yi Ʋɔtru Me Fia?
Nudɔdɔ tso ʋɔtru nu yi ʋɔtru nue nye mɔ si bɔ wu eye wòsɔ na asisi la. Le go sia me la, asisi la vo tso ɖoɖo siwo katã ku ɖe ƒudzi agbatsɔʋuwo ɖoɖo ɖe amewo ŋu la me. Míawoe kpɔa dɔa katã dzi, míedzea egɔme tso nugoewo me agbatsɔtsɔ dzi to wo ɖoɖo ɖe melidzeƒea dzi va ɖo afisi woɖoe ɖo.
Ʋɔtru nu yi ʋɔtru nu dɔwɔnawo nye nudɔdɔ ƒe dɔwɔna siwo tso nuwuwu yi nuwuwu si ɖea mɔ be woatsɔ wò adzɔnuwo tso wò nudzraɖoƒe/dɔwɔƒe/ aƒeme ayi teƒe mamlɛtɔ si dzi wolɔ̃ ɖo. Dɔ siawo, siwo woyɔna hã be 'all-in' ʋuɖoɖo ƒe kuxiwo gbɔkpɔnu ana asisi ɖesiaɖe nate ŋu atsɔ eƒe adzɔnuwo ade asi na dɔnyala aɖe hena wo ɖoɖo ɖe wo dzidzedzetɔe eye wòawɔ dɔ nyuie.
Abe dɔwɔna siawo ƒe akpa aɖe ene la, ètiaa teƒe siwo woaxɔ amewo le kple teƒe siwo woatsɔ wo ayi na amewo siaa. Dɔwɔla siwo kpɔa wò adzɔnuwo dzi kpɔa wò adzɔnuwo dzi bliboe tso gɔmedzedze vaseɖe nuwuwu, le wò nudidiwo kple aɖaŋuɖoɖowo nu:
Ètia teƒe si woatsɔe ayi: nudzrala ƒe dɔwɔƒe, nudzraɖoƒe, melidzeƒe alo dukɔwo dome yameʋudzeƒe.
Ètia teƒe mamlɛtɔ si woatsɔ nuawo aɖo ɖe wò: wò nudzraɖoƒe, wò asisi, alo wò aƒe.
Dɔ siawo va kple dɔdzikpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽ siwo katã ŋu wòle be nàde bubui (dukɔwo ƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe mɔɖeɖe kple bubuawo) eye wònana nète ŋu tsɔa wò adzɔnuwo yina na wò kple susu ƒe akɔdzeanyi blibo.
Ʋɔtru Yi Ʋɔtru Nu Dɔwɔƒewo Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe Mɔfiame
1) Ʋuɖoɖo tso dɔwɔƒea yi nudzraɖoƒea
Woyɔa adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ tso nudzrala ƒe dɔwɔƒe yi agbatsɔla ƒe nudzraɖoƒe be 'Export Haulage'. Zi geɖe la, afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ sia lɔ agbatsɔʋu ɖeka alo geɖe (ɖewohĩ keteke) zazã ɖe eme, eye zi geɖe la, ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo koe wòxɔna le didime si woazɔ nu.
Akpa si akpɔ ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe habɔbɔa dzi kple ʋuɖoɖo ƒe fexexe ɖe nusiwo woatsɔ ayi duta ta anɔ te ɖe nubabla si le nudzrala kple nuƒlela dome dzi. Ne nubabla la gblɔ be nuƒlelaa ƒe agbanɔamedzie wònye be wòaɖo nuawo ɖa la, ekema ele be nuƒlela nawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe adzɔnuwo tsɔtsɔ tso dɔwɔƒea yi teƒe mamlɛtɔ si wolɔ̃ ɖo la ŋu.
Le go bubu me la, ne nubabla la gblɔ be nuƒlela natsɔ ʋuɖoɖoa ƒe agbanɔamedzi le mɔa ƒe afã me la, amesi ɖoe ɖa la akpɔ ʋuɖoɖoa dzi tso afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔ sia dzi.
2) Dukɔa ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔnuwo ƒe gbeƒãɖeɖe
Dukɔ si me wotso ƒe dziɖuɖumegãwo bia tso dukɔmeviwo ƒe mɔɖeɖe be woatsɔ ayi duta be woade agba siwo katã dzo le anyigbamamaa me la agbalẽ me. Dukɔmeviwo ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxeha si ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖoe wɔa dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxenyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ. Wobia agbalẽ si gblɔa nu ɖesiaɖe si le nudɔdɔa me nyuie, kpakple dɔdzikpɔkpɔ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi bubu siwo akpe ɖe eŋu (le kpɔɖeŋu me, Chinatɔwo ƒe mɔɖegbalẽ siwo wotsɔ ɖoa duta).
3) Dzɔtsoƒe dzikpɔkpɔ fewo kple subɔsubɔdɔwo
Adzɔnuwo dzi kpɔkpɔ hafi woadzo la hea dɔ geɖe vɛ si agbatsɔla alo dɔwɔƒea ƒe amedɔdɔ awɔ. Agbatsɔla la xɔa nuawo ne eɖe agba le agbatsɔʋua me vɔ be woalé ŋku ɖe agbatsɔʋua ŋu tsitotsito. Woaxɔ agbaawo ne wolé ŋku ɖe agba siwo wotsɔ blae ŋu eye wokpɔ dɔdzikpɔgbalẽwo katã dzi vɔ.
4) Dɔwɔwɔ le melidzeƒe/yameʋudzeƒe si agbawo le
Ne wonya xɔ agbalẽa ko la, wodzraae ɖo ɖe nudzraɖoƒea eye wotsɔa wo dea nugoe aɖe me be woatsɔe ayi melidzeƒe/yameʋudzeƒe si dzi wolɔ̃ ɖo be woaɖoe. Woate ŋu atsɔ adzɔnuwo ade tɔdziʋu ɖeka alo geɖe me le alesi woƒle wo katã nu. Ne ga homea mesɔ gbɔ be woatsɔ akɔ aɖaka blibo aɖe me o la, woatsɔ nusi woƒle la ade nugoe si wozãna ɖekae me kple adzɔnu siwo tso asisi bubuwo gbɔ be woaɖo melidzeƒe mamlɛtɔ ma ke si woayi. Esiae nye nusi míeyɔna be LCL shipments (si mede agba si wotsɔ dea nugoe me o). Ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo do ŋgɔ na dzodzo la, woblaa nu gbogboawo ɖe nugoe me eye wotsɔa agbatsɔʋu yia melidzeƒe/yameʋudzeƒea. Woƒoa aɖaka la nu ƒu kple aɖaka bubu siwo woatsɔ ade tɔdziʋu ma ke me.
5) Dukɔa ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe mɔɖeɖe ne èva ɖo
Dziɖuɖumegãwo bia be woaxɔ adzɔnu siwo katã gena ɖe dukɔa me la ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxegbalẽvi ne wova ɖo. Afɔɖeɖe sia nye be woaɖe gbeƒã adzɔnuwo kple woƒe asixɔxɔwo be woakpɔ adzɔ si woaxe (nenye be womeɖe asi le wo ŋu o).
Dukɔa ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe mɔɖeɖe nye be woatsɔ nuŋlɔɖi siwo katã hiã la afia dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxehawo be woaɖe asi le agbaawo ŋu eye woayi dɔa dzi. Dukɔa ƒe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ƒe ɖoɖoa ate ŋu adze egɔme gɔ̃ hã hafi nudɔdɔa naɖo afisi woɖoe ɖo, eye ele be wòawu enu hafi nuƒlea natso dukɔa ƒe asitsatsa ƒe mɔxenuwo.
Wobua agbawo be wogena ɖe dukɔa me ne etso liƒoa eye wòdo le dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxeƒe (alo dukɔwo dome nuto). Agbatsɔla, eƒe amedɔdɔ, alo dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxeha si woɖo ate ŋu awɔ dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxenyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ zi alesi mɔɖegbalẽ si sɔ le wo si ko. Ele be amesi kpɔa dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxenyawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ dzi naxɔ agbalẽ siwo katã hiã be woatsɔ adze dɔa gɔme.
Zi geɖe la, woate ŋu adze dɔa gɔme kple pepaawo ƒe kɔpi siwo wowɔ scan, togbɔ be dziɖuɖumegã aɖewo bia be woaŋlɔ gbãtɔwo hafi woate ŋu awu dɔa nu bliboe hã. Negbe ɖe wozã Incoterm DDP ɖe nudɔdɔa ŋu (Customs Duty Paid) ko hafi, enye nuƒlela ƒe agbanɔamedzi be wòawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe dukɔmeviwo ƒe adzɔxexe ŋu ahaxe fe ɖe eta. Zi geɖe la, enɔa bɔbɔe be nàna wò agbatsɔla alo dɔwɔƒea nakɔ wò agbatsɔʋua me, ne agbalẽ siwo katã hiã la le wo si ko.
6) Nuwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ le teƒe si woɖo tae
Ele be woawu dɔ geɖe nu ne agbaa nya ɖo afisi wòayi mlɔeba ko. Edzea egɔme ne woxɔ nudɔdɔa, eye dɔwɔƒea ƒe amedɔdɔ si le afima le nuŋlɔɖiawo me tom. Emegbe woɖea nugoe la le nudzraɖoƒe si le melidzeƒea hetsɔnɛ yia nudzraɖoƒe si woɖo tae, afisi woléa ŋku ɖe agbaawo ŋu le heɖoa wo ɖe hatsotsowo me be woatsɔ wo ayi alo woaxɔ wo.
7) Woatsɔe ayi teƒe si woɖo tae
Woɖo agbaa tsɔtsɔ tso nudzraɖoƒea yi amesi xɔe ƒe adrɛs dzi be 'destination or import haulage'. Wohayaa agbatsɔʋu ɖeka alo geɖe (ɣeaɖewoɣi keteke gɔ̃ hã) be woatsɔ adzɔnuwo ayi nudzraɖoƒea. Afɔɖeɖe sia ate ŋu axɔ ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo, le didime si wòle nu.
Le ʋɔtru nu yi ʋɔtru nu subɔsubɔdɔa me la, ame si tsɔa ʋuɖoɖoa ɖonae si kpɔa ʋuɖoɖo mamlɛtɔ dzi. Asitsalawo ate ŋu axɔ adzɔnuwo le agbatsɔla ƒe nudzraɖoƒe hã eye emegbe woakpɔ adzɔnu mamlɛtɔ si wotsɔ vɛ la gbɔ le eɖokui si. Zi geɖe la, ame ɖekaɖekawo/dɔwɔƒe siwo wɔa dɔ le gazazã ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽ aɖe nu tia egbɔkpɔnu sia, si ƒe asi bɔbɔ wu.
7. Ga home nenie Xɔa Nudɔdɔ tso China?
Ga si woaxe ɖe agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ta nɔ te ɖe afisi wotso, afisi woɖo tae, subɔsubɔdɔ si wowɔna, nubablɛ ƒe kpekpeme, kple nu bubu siwo ŋu woabu dzi.
Tsɔ kpe ɖe wò agbalẽvi ƒe lolome ŋu la, eƒe kpekpeme hã le vevie ŋutɔ le wò agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ƒe gazazã me. Agbalẽvi siwo kpekpe wu la xɔa ga geɖe wu ne woɖo wo ɖe amewo.
Nubablɛa ƒe lolome nye nu vevi aɖe si dea dzesi wò agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme. Abe se ene la, zi alesi aɖakaa loloe la, zi nenemae wòxɔa ga geɖe be woaɖoe ɖe amewo.
Be woakpɔ asisi ɖesiaɖe ƒe nuhiahiãwo gbɔ nyuie wu la, woate ŋu atrɔ asi le ga home kple dɔwɔna vovovowo ŋu. To mɔ sia dzi la, àte ŋu atia tiatia vevi eve siwo ku ɖe ƒudzi agbatsɔtsɔ ŋu:
Agba Bliboa ƒe Agba (FCL) .
na nugoe blibo ƒomevi eve:
Afɔ 20 la, si ƒe ememe ŋutete nye kubik meta 33
Alo afɔ 40, si te ŋu tsɔa nusiwo ade kubik meta 66.
Egbɔkpɔnu sia nana be woɖoa wò nugoe dedie eye kakaɖedzi le eŋu, elabena woatre wò nugoe la nu tso esime nèdzo va ɖo adrɛs mamlɛtɔ si dzi nàɖo.
Le sue wu Agba si Wotsɔna Ðea Nugoe (LCL) .
Tiatia sia mexɔa ga geɖe wu na adzɔnuwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si bɔbɔ wu, elabena nugoe ƒe akpa ɖeka koe woazã atsɔ atsɔ wò adzɔnuwo ayi teƒe bubu. Egbɔkpɔnu sia na nète ŋu ɖea wò agbalẽɖoɖoɖa ƒe gazazãwo dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ. Wotsɔa wò adzɔnuwo dea aɖaka me kpe ɖe asisi bubuwo tɔ ŋu, eye teƒe si nèhiã la koe nàxe fe na mlɔeba.
Wokafu LCL na eƒe lolome le 0-15m3 dome. Gake ate ŋu ato vovo le melidzeƒe si wodzo le nu.
8. Ɣeyiɣi Didi Nenie Woatsɔe Aɖoe?
Aleke wobua ŋkeke siwo dzi woaɖoe & aɖoe ɖe amewo? Ɣletiŋkeke ma si dzi woaɖoe ɖe wò ate ŋu maganɔ anyi le ɣeyiɣi ma me o le tɔtrɔ siwo va le nudzraɖoƒe alo nudɔdɔ ƒe ŋutete me hafi nàwɔ wò nudɔdɔa ta.
Ate ŋu anye nusianu si axɔ ŋkeke 12 va ɖo 60, eye esia katã anɔ te ɖe dukɔ si me nèle nu ɖom ɖo kple mɔnu si nètia dzi. Woatsɔ wò nudɔdɔa vɛ le dɔwɔŋkeke 60 me. Míewɔa dɔ tso wò nudɔdɔa ŋu heɖonɛ ɖe wò le mɔ si me gazazã mele o wu nu ale be míate ŋu atsɔ ga si nèdzra ɖo la ayi na wò le eɖoɖo ɖe wò femaxee me.
Ne èle nuto aɖe si me subɔsubɔ ƒe heheɖemegbe si mèle mɔ kpɔm na o (yame ƒe nɔnɔme sesẽwo, dzɔdzɔmefɔkuwo, nudzɔdzɔ siwo ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o, kple bubuawo) me la, taflatse tsɔ dɔwɔŋkeke 2 va ɖo 3 ya teti kpe ɖe ŋkeke si wobu be woatsɔ wò nudɔdɔa vɛ ŋu.
Wozãa dɔwɔŋkekewo tsɔ bua mɔzɔzɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣia, si fia be womebua Memleɖa kple Kwasiɖagbe ɖe mɔzɔzɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣia me o. Wobua mɔkekewo hã ŋu ne wole akɔnta bum ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ azɔ mɔae.
Gake zi geɖe la, ne èle adzɔnuwo tsɔm tso China ƒe melidzeƒe veviwo dometɔ ɖeka yi Los Angeles alo Long Beach la, ke èle ŋku lém ɖe alesi nànɔ tsia dzi abe kwasiɖa eve ene ŋu. Gake mègakpɔ mɔ be yeƒe adzɔnuwo ava nɔ ye si le ŋkeke 14 me o.
Dukɔwo dome agbatsɔtsɔ sesẽ, vevietɔ ne èle meliɖoɖo ƒe mɔnu vovovowo tiam.
Dukɔwo dome agbatsɔʋuwo ƒe mɔzɔzɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi ƒe akɔntabubumɔ̃ sia naa ɣeyiɣi si wobu be woaɖo agbatsɔʋuwo le anyigba me, yameʋu, kple atsiaƒu dzi agbatsɔʋu siwo wotsɔ tsakae, be wòana agbatsɔʋuwo ƒe meliɖoɖo ƒe ɣeyiɣi ƒe akɔntabubu blibo.
Ɣeyiɣi si wobu be woatsɔe aɖo ɖe amewo la nye nusi ŋu woaƒo nu tsoe ko eye ate ŋu ato vovo tso ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ si woatsɔ aɖoe gbɔ. Taflatse wɔ wò ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃ le nɔnɔme si tututu me nèle nu.
9. Ðe Àte Ŋu Akpɔ Ga Atsɔ Atso Duta?
Ele vevie be nàkpɔ egbɔ be yeate ŋu akpɔ ga si woatsɔ aƒle nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ. Susu eve tae wotsɔa ga geɖe tsoa duta vɛ. Gbãtɔ enye be ne míebu meliɖoɖo alo ʋuɖoɖo ƒe gazazã gãwo ŋu la, eɖea vi wu be woawɔ nudɔdɔ gã ʋee aɖewo tsɔ wu be woawɔ nudɔdɔ sue aɖewo – eyata zi geɖe la, nudɔdɔ siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ la lolona, eye le esia ta woxɔa asi ŋutɔ.
Susu eveliae nye be nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ doa ka kple ga si woatsɔ awɔ dɔe. Ame si gbɔ nèle nu ƒlem tsoe la abia be woaxe fe do ŋgɔ, alo abia be woana gaxɔgbalẽvi alo fexexe ƒe kakaɖedzi bubu aɖe tso wò gadzraɖoƒe. Esia fia be màte ŋu akpɔ ga la alo azãe atsɔ awɔ wò dɔwɔƒea le ɣeyiɣi si le nudɔdɔa wɔwɔ kple fexexe dome o, si ate ŋu akaka ɣleti geɖe na nudɔdɔ aɖewo.
Wɔ ga ƒe sisi ƒe nyagblɔɖi be nàkpɔ egbɔ be yeate ŋu akpɔ ga atsɔ awɔ yeƒe dɔwɔƒea nyuie esime ga le asiwò si wobla ɖe nusiwo woatsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe nudɔdɔwo ŋu. Ƒo nu kple wò gakɔntanyala, gadzraɖoƒedzikpɔla, alo ganyawo ŋuti aɖaŋuɖola be nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu zi eve be yemeŋe aɖaba ƒu nu vevi aɖeke dzi o.
10. Afɔku siwo le nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ me
Afɔku geɖe le nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ me wu nuƒle le mia gbɔ, eye ele be nànya esiawo hafi akpɔ wo gbɔ nyuie. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nusiwo gbɔna siwo ŋu wotsi dzi ɖo le nyonyome kple eɖoɖo ɖe amewo ŋu:
Adzɔge si le mia kple wò nudzrala dome ate ŋu alolo ŋutɔ. Esia fia be esesẽna na wò be nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu, alo akpɔ nyawo abe nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ ene gbɔ.
Adzɔge si woatsɔ aɖo wo gbɔ la didi wu, eye ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖo wo gbɔ la didi wu, si wɔnɛ be adzɔnuwo gbugbɔgaɖoɖo sesẽna ɖe edzi.
Le ɣeyiɣi si wòxɔna hafi wotsɔa nuawo yinae ta la, àte ŋu ava nɔ nɔnɔme si me wòle be nàxɔ adzɔnu siwo bɔbɔ ɖe anyi wu me, le esi màte ŋu akpɔ adzɔnu nyuitɔ si woatsɔ aɖɔli woe le ɣeyiɣi nyuitɔ dzi ne wò nudzrala ɖe asi le ŋuwò o ta ko.
Ahiã be nàkpɔ nyuie be yeadi nudzrala siwo ŋu ŋkɔ le eye nàwɔ nudɔdɔwo le ɖoɖo siwo ana nàxe mɔ ɖe nusiwo womatsɔ ana wò o nu ko, eye nàde tohehewo ɖe adzɔnuwo ɖoɖo ɖe wo megbe alo esiwo mesɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu o ta. Eɖea vi hã be nudzrala bubuwo nanɔ asiwò, eyata kpeɖeŋutɔ aɖe le asiwò ne èhiãe.
11. Nuwɔwɔ ɖe ga ƒe asi ƒe tɔtrɔ ŋu
Ga ƒe asi ƒe tɔtrɔ nye afɔku bubu si ate ŋu ado mo ɖa abe amesi tsɔa nu tso duta vɛ ene. Anɔ eme be èle adzɔnu siwo ƒe asi le duta ga me ƒlem, si fia be ga ƒe asitɔtrɔ ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ga home mamlɛtɔ si nàva xe mlɔeba le United States dɔlar me dzi.
Menye nudzrala si ƒe asi bɔbɔ wue nye nudzrala nyuitɔ kekeake si woawɔ nu kplii le nusiwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ ŋu kokoko o. Ele vevie wu be nàdi nudzrala si ŋu ŋkɔ le. Àdi be yeadi nudzrala aɖe si dzi nèka ɖe edzi le nyuie:
mabu le zã ɖeka me kple wò ga o
atsɔe ayi ɖe game dzi
ana adzɔnu siwo nègblɔ eye le nyonyome ƒe ɖoɖo si wokpɔ mɔ na nu
ana nànya ne kuxi alo heheɖemegbe aɖewo do mo ɖa
Bia be yeakpɔ asisi siwo nye wò nudzrala siwo ate ŋu ava zu nudzralawo ƒe ŋkɔwo eye nàte ɖe wo ŋu hena numeɖeɖewo. Wɔ gaxɔgbalẽvi ƒe dodokpɔ le dɔwɔƒea, eye ne àte ŋui la, zã ga la tsɔ wɔ ŋutilãe
yi wo gbɔ eye nàlé ŋku ɖe woƒe dɔwɔƒewo, dɔwɔƒea, kple woƒe nusiwo wowɔ ƒe nyonyome ŋu. Ne mète ŋu wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe nyatakakadzraɖoƒea yiyi ŋu o la, te tɔ ɖe kpɔɖeŋuwo dzi ya teti hafi nàwɔ wò nudɔdɔ.
12. Nuwɔwɔ kple nudzrala siwo le duta
Zi geɖe la, nuwɔwɔ kple nudzralawo le duta bia be woasrɔ̃ nu vevie. Ðewohĩ èle nu wɔm kple ame siwo medoa gbe ɖeka abe wò ene o, eye woƒe dekɔnuwo kple dzidzenuwo to vovo tso tɔwò gbɔ. Nugɔmemasemase kple kadodo manyomanyo ƒe ŋutete sɔ gbɔ sã wu ne wole nu wɔm kple nutoa me nudzralawo.
13. Asitsatsa ƒe ɖoɖowo
Hafi nàde asi agbalẽ te be yeatsɔ nusiwo woatsɔ tso duta vɛ ƒe sedede te la, ahiã be nàse asitsatsa ŋuti ɖoɖo siwo nudzralawo kple nudzralawo zãna gɔme, eye ahiã be nàka ɖe edzi be akpa evea siaa se nya siawo gɔme ɖekae.
Nyawo abe EX (dɔwɔƒe xoxo alo dɔwɔƒe tsãtɔ, nudzraɖoƒe, alo agbledeƒe), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), kple FOB (Free on Board) ene zazã mesesẽ abe alesi wòadze gbã ene o. Dukɔwo Dome Asitsahabɔbɔ wɔ se siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu hena asitsatsa ŋuti nyawo gɔmeɖeɖe si woyɔna be Incoterms.
Wole Incoterms 2010 zãm fifia, gake wole mɔ kpɔm be tata si wogbugbɔ trɔ asi le, si nye Incoterms 2020, adze dɔwɔwɔ gɔme le ƒe 2020. Ele be miaƒe gadzraɖoƒe ƒe dukɔwo dome asitsatsa dɔwɔƒe, agbatsɔʋuwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe alo miaƒe nutoa me Asitsahabɔbɔ nate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò le esia me.
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