Uzingenisa njani izixhobo zokuPhila ezivela eTshayina?

Wamkelekile kwizixhobo zomthambo zaseTshayina. Nalu uluhlu lweeNgcebiso ezili-13 eziPhambili phambi kokuba ungenise iChina iZixhobo zoMzimba—UNGATHENGI Ngaphambi kokuba Ufunde Oku!

1. Iindleko zokungeniswa ngaphandle

Kuya kufuneka ufumanise zonke iintlawulo oza kuzihlawula ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo kwinkampani yaphesheya. Ezi ndleko zezixhobo zokwenza umthambo zibandakanya:

• iindleko zothutho kunye ne-inshorensi (kuxhomekeke kwimiqathango yorhwebo othethathethana ngayo)

• GST

• imisebenzi kunye neerhafu

• yokugcina

• iintlawulo zemali

• Iintlawulo zeenkonzo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweebrokers okanye abathumeli bempahla.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uchonge umrhumo ochanekileyo wokukhutshwa kwempahla nezinto ofuna ukuzithenga kumazwe angaphandle ukuze ufumanise ukuba yimalini ekufuneka uyihlawule kwimirhumo yempahla engena kweli lizwe. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona unikeze ilizwe lemvelaphi yempahla kunye nexabiso (ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa) ukubala isixa esichanekileyo esihlawulwayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuba urhweba kwihlabathi jikelele, ixabiso lokufika liyinto ebalulekileyo ekubaleni iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Ixabiso lokuwa lilonke ixabiso lokuthumela ngenqanawa imveliso kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa ixabiso lokuthenga, umrhumo wothutho, uguqulelo lwemali, imisebenzi, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iindleko ezinxulumeneyo. Ngenxa yazo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo ezahlukeneyo, iindleko ezibekiweyo zinokuba nzima ukuzibona, yiloo nto oyifunayo ukuze ubone inzuzo yokwenyani yeemveliso zakho.

Nje ukuba ube nombono wexabiso lokugqibela lento, uya kukwazi ukujonga ukuba ukungenisa elizweni kuya kuba yindleko eyongayo kwishishini lakho lomthambo. Zininzi iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ekufuneka uzihlawule, ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwexabiso leyunithi nganye kumzi-mveliso ophesheya kweelwandle, kwaye ezi zinokudibanisa. Uyakufuna ukukwazi ukwenza imbuyekezo efanelekileyo kutyalo-mali emva kokuba zonke ezi ndleko zithathelwe ingqalelo.

Kungumbono olungileyo ukuba ufumane umcwangcisi-mali wakho, umcebisi weshishini okanye umrhwebi wamasiko ukuba enze izibalo zakho ukuze aqinisekise ukuba uzibalile zonke iindleko onokuthi ungene kuzo.

2. Ukubala iiRhafu kunye neMirhumo

Isigama seerhafu ezivela ngaphandle

I-International Chamber of Commerce's (ICC) iMigaqo yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe sesona sigama sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza amaxabiso okanye imiba enxulumene nomngcipheko enxulumene nokuthuthwa kwempahla. Ezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo xa kutyikitywa isivumelwano zezi:

• Xa kuthunyelwa phantsi kwe-EXW, umthengisi unembopheleleko yokwenza iimpahla zifumaneke kwaye zilungele ukuthunyelwa xa ziphuma kwifektri. Umthuthi okanye umthumeli wempahla unoxanduva lokuthunyelwa ukusuka ekufumaneni iimpahla ngaphandle kwefektri ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa.

• Xa kuthunyelwa phantsi kwe-FOB, umthengisi unoxanduva lokuhambisa iimpahla kwi-port yokulayisha kunye nenqanawa. Ngeli xesha, uxanduva ludluliselwa kumthumeli wempahla kude kube yindawo yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa.

• Xa kuthunyelwa phantsi kwe-CIF, umthwali unyamekela i-inshurensi yokuthutha kunye nokuthutha kwi-port yokufika.

E-China, uMbutho wezoThutho zaseLwandle ukhethwa kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ii-incoterms ezine eziqhelekileyo xa kuthunyelwa ukusuka e-China yi-EXW; FOB; I-CFR kunye ne-CIF. Ukumisela ixabiso kunye noxanduva lwalo lonke iqela elibandakanyekayo ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni i-incoterm.

FOB okanye CIF?

Uninzi lweenqanawa ezivela eChina zithunyelwa phantsi kwee-incoterms ezifanayo, eziyi-EXW okanye i-FOB ngokubanzi. I-FOB ixabiswa ngokukodwa kwimeko yobudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi komthengisi kunye neenkampani zothutho zendawo ezizimisele ukusingatha inxalenye yokuqala yenkqubo yokuthumela (ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwifektri ukuya kwi-POL). Obu budlelwane buhlala ixesha elide phakathi kwababoneleli kunye neenkampani zasekhaya zenza ukuba amazinga akhuphisane kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, le nxalenye yenkqubo yokuthutha iphathwa ngokucwangcisiweyo ngababoneleli baseTshayina.

Kufuneka ukhethe i-incoterms efana ne-EXW okanye i-FOB, apho (phantse) konke ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuya kuphathwa kwaye kulawulwe liqela leengcali ezizinikeleyo.

Ezi zimbini ze-incoterms ziza kunye ne-pick-up evela kumzi-mveliso / kwindawo yokugcina impahla (EXW) okanye kwizibuko lokusuka (FOB), elikukhulula kuxanduva olunzima ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthutha.

3. Ukubalwa kweRhafu

Isixa serhafu yokungenisa elizweni kunye neerhafu zempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe ezihlawulwayo zibalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso okanye kwixabiso lempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ebizwa ngokuba yiNgxowa-mali yokuHlawula (i-DPV) kwaye imiselwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso elithengisiweyo lempahla. Oku kuquka iindleko ezinxulumene nezothutho kunye nezavenge zeinshorensi kwiimveliso phambi kokuba zothulwe kwizibuko lokufika kwizibuko lakho.

Iirhafu, ezifana ne-VAT okanye i-CT, azifakwanga kumiselo lwe-DPV. Elinye ixesha elifanelekileyo yiXabiso eliHlolwayo eliDityanisiweyo (iCAP), elidityaniswe neDPV, irhafu yokungenisa elizweni, kunye neCT ukuba ikhona.

Ezi fomyula zilandelayo zibonisa indlela iDPV neCAP ebalwa ngayo:

• I-DPV = Iindleko zempahla + Iindleko zothutho + I-inshurensi ye-Cargo

• Umrhumo wokungenisa elizweni = DPV x Ixabiso leRhafu

• ICAP = DPV + Intlawulo yokungenisa elizweni = DPV x (1+umyinge wentlawulo)

• I-VAT = I-CAP x ireyithi ye-VAT

Ukwenza umzekelo, masithi inkampani yase-USA ingenisa oomatshini kwa-Ntaifitness kwaye ityikitye isivumelwano ngokwamaxabiso e-FOB. Ke ngoko, zonke iindleko zokuthumela kunye ne-inshurensi ziya kuthwalwa ngumthengi wase-USA.

Oku kuthetha ukuba uxanduva oluphambili loMenzi weZixhobo zoRhwebo kukulayisha oomatshini (impahla) kwinqanawe elungiselelwe ngumthengi wase-USA kunye nokucima iimpahla ezilungele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Yintoni imithetho ye-Incoterms?

Imithetho ye-Incoterms ye-ICC yimiqathango ebalulekileyo yehlabathi yorhwebo lokuthengiswa kwempahla. Ingaba ufaka umyalelo wokuthenga, ukupakisha kunye nokubhala ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yokuthutha, okanye ulungiselela isatifikethi semvelaphi kwi-port, imithetho ye-Incoterms ikhona ukukukhokela. Imithetho ye-Incoterms ibonelela ngesikhokelo esikhethekileyo kubantu abathatha inxaxheba ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle urhwebo lwehlabathi yonke imihla.

I-Incoterms imele ntoni?

I-Incoterms sisishunqulelo esimele amagama orhwebo ngokubanzi. I-Incoterms luphawu lwentengiso lwe-International Chamber of Commerce, ebhaliswe kumazwe aliqela. Imithetho ye-Incoterms ibonisa izifinyezo zeemeko, ezifana ne-FOB ('Imahala kwiBhodi'), i-DAP ('Inikezelwe kwiNdawo') EXW ('Ex Works'), i-CIP ('Inqwelo kunye ne-Inshurensi ehlawulwayo'), zonke zineentsingiselo ezichanekileyo zokuthengiswa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.

Uhlelo lwamva nje lwemithetho ye-Incoterms yi-Incoterms 2010.
I-Incoterms 2010 iya kuhlala isebenza kwabo bayisebenzisayo.
https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/incoterms-rules/incoterms-rules-2010/

4. IiMpahla zokuThumela ezivela eChina: ngePost, Courier, Air okanye uLwandle?

Iinkonzo zothutho elwandle ezivela eTshayina: Inketho engabizi kakhulu. Ngelixa olu khetho lunokuthatha ixesha elide (iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezingama-60 ngokomndilili ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo okuyo nalapho iya khona), le yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwabo banempahla eninzi yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwaye ngenene inokuba lukhetho olukhulu, olunoqoqosho ucingela ukuba uzinike ixesha elaneleyo lokulinda uthutho.

Olu lolona khetho lusetyenziswa kakhulu kulungiselelo kuba lubhetyebhetye kwaye lunokuthwala iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeempahla kunye nokuthunyelwa. Ngale ndlela, kuya kufuneka ukuba unakekele ukukhutshwa kwezithethe kunye namaxwebhu, kwaye nje ukuba iimveliso zakho zifike kwizibuko, kuya kufuneka ufumanise ukuba uzifumana njani na ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo yakho okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla.

Iinqanawa ezinkulu, ezinkulu kwaye ezinzima kakhulu zixhaphakile kolu hlobo lokuhambisa.

I-Airfreight ithatha kuphela iintsuku ezimbalwa kwindlela yaseYurophu-eAsia (umzekelo, iintsuku ezi-5-7 kuphela ze-China-UK umnyango nomnyango) ngelixa eli xesha lokuhamba lihamba linyuka ukuya kutsho kwinyanga enye ngolwandle (iintsuku ezingama-40-45 ngempahla elwandle e-China-UK, umnyango nomnyango).

5. Ngaba ufanele usebenzise iFreight Forwarder kuLawulo lwakho lokuThumela?

Kukho zonke iintlobo zeearhente zokuthumela ezinokonwaba ukusayina njengolawulo lwakho lokuthumela ngenqanawa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zakho zifika apho ziya khona ngokukhawuleza.
Uninzi lwabarhwebi abangenamava baya kuvumela umthengisi ukuba alawule konke ukuthunyelwa kwaye uya kubaxelela idilesi yokuthumela kunye nokuba yeyiphi izibuko ekufuneka aye kuyo, kwaye emva koko uya kuvumela umthengisi ukuba aqonde.

Oko kunokuba kuhle okanye kubi. Ilungile ngengqiqo yokuba yinto enye encinci ekufuneka uzikhathaze ngayo, kodwa inokuba yingozi kuba unokugqiba ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kokuthumela kwakho.

Yenze ngokwakho?

Amaqela amaninzi amakhulu akhethe ukunyamekela onke amalungiselelo okuthutha ngaphakathi ukuze abe nolawulo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo kunye neendleko zokugqibela zokuthunyelwa kwempahla.
Ngokuqhelekileyo baya kuphelela kwindawo yokubhukisha ngokuthe ngqo kunye neenqwelo-moya, iinkampani zelori, iintambo zokuthumela, njl.

• Ukulawula konke oku ngokwakho kunokuba yinto eninzi yokusingatha, ngakumbi ukuba awuqhelananga nenkqubo okanye inkqubo.

• Ngokuqinisekileyo ungakhetha olu khetho; nangona kunjalo, qiniseka nje ukuba unenkqubo elungileyo endaweni yokulandela iodolo yakho kwaye uphathe naziphi na izinto ezingalindelekanga ezivelayo.

• Uya kufuna ukujonga kunye nabathwali rhoqo kwaye wazi ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo onokuyibuza ukuze ufumanise ukuba uthumelo lwakho luphi kwaye luya phi.

Ukuba kuvela ingxaki, kuya kufuneka uxazulule ingxaki kwaye ufumanise ukuba wenze ntoni ukunciphisa impembelelo enayo kwishishini lakho okanye kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho.
Uninzi lwabantu luyaqonda ukuba abanalo i-bandwidth yokujongana nayo yonke le nto kwaye bayazi ukuba ixesha labo libaluleke kakhulu - kwaye uninzi lwamashishini akanazo izixhobo zokuzama ukujongana nayo yonke into ngokwabo.

6. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuhanjiswa komnyango ukuya kumnyango?

Ukuhanjiswa kwendlu ukuya emnyango yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwaye ilula yokuthunyelwa komthengi. Kule meko, umthengi ukhululekile kuwo onke amalungiselelo anxulumene nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yempahla yolwandle. Sijongene nayo yonke inkqubo, siqala ngokulayishwa kwesikhongozeli ngokuziswa kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Iinkonzo zendlu ngendlu ziinkonzo zothutho zokugqibela ezivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla yakho ukusuka kwindawo yakho yokugcina / efektri/ ekhaya ukuya kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Ezi nkonzo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba 'zizonke-in' izisombululo zothutho ziya kwenza ukuba umthengi ngamnye abeke iimpahla zakhe kumntu oqeqeshiweyo ukuze azithumele ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.

Njengenxalenye yezi nkonzo, ukhetha zombini iindawo zokuthatha kunye nokuhanjiswa. Abasebenzi abaphethe ukuthunyelwa kwakho bakhathalela iimpahla zakho ngokupheleleyo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni, ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho kunye neengcebiso:

• Ukhetha indawo oza kuthatha kuyo: umzi-mveliso womthengisi, indawo yokugcina impahla, izibuko okanye isikhululo seenqwelomoya.

• Ukhetha indawo yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa: indawo yokugcina, umthengi wakho, okanye indlu yakho.

Ezi nkonzo ziza nazo zonke iinkqubo zolawulo ezintsonkothileyo zokuhlonipha (ukukhutshwa kwezithethe njl.njl.) kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uhambise iimpahla zakho ngoxolo olupheleleyo lwengqondo.

Iinkonzo zomnyango ukuya emnyango Inyathelo ngenyathelo Isikhokelo

1) Ukuthutha ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla

Ukukhutshelwa kwempahla ukusuka kumzi-mveliso womthengisi ukuya kwindawo yokugcina imithwalo ibizwa ngokuba yi 'Export Haulage'. Eli nyathelo lokuqala ngokubanzi libandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwelori enye okanye ezininzi (kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngoololiwe), kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ngokuxhomekeke kumgama oza kuhanjwa.

Iqela elinoxanduva lombutho wolungiselelo kunye nentlawulo yezothutho zokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kuya kuxhomekeka kwisivumelwano phakathi komnikezeli kunye nomthengi. Ukuba isivumelwano sichaza ukuba umthengi unoxanduva lokuthunyelwa, ngoko ke umthengi kufuneka alungiselele ukuthuthwa kwempahla ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela ekuvunyelwene ngayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba isivumelwano sichaza ukuba umthengi uthatha uxanduva lokuthutha i-half-way, umthumeli uya kuba ngumphathi wokuthunyelwa ukusuka kweli nyathelo lokuqala.

I-2) Isibhengezo sokuthumela ngaphandle

Ukukhutshwa kwempahla yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kufunwa ngabasemagunyeni belizwe lemveli ukubhalisa yonke imithwalo eshiya ummandla. Ukucocwa kweCustoms kuqhutywa ngumthengisi ogunyazisiweyo weCustoms. Uxwebhu oluchaza ngononophelo yonke into equlethwe kuthutho iyafuneka, kunye nezinye iirekhodi zolawulo ezixhasayo (umzekelo, iilayisensi zaseTshayina zokuthumela ngaphandle).

3) Imvelaphi yokuphatha iintlawulo kunye neenkonzo

Ukuphathwa kwempahla phambi kokuba ihambe iza nemisebenzi emininzi ekufuneka yenziwe ngumthumeli wempahla okanye yiarhente. Umthumeli wempahla ufumana iimveliso emva kokukhulula ilori ukuze ihlolwe nzulu yokuthunyelwa. Umthwalo uya kwamkelwa emva kokuhlola ukupakishwa nokulawula onke amaxwebhu olawulo.

I-4) Ukuphatha kwi-port / i-airport yokulayisha

Emva kokuba ukuthunyelwa kwamkelwe, kugcinwa kwindawo yokugcina impahla kwaye ilayishwe kwisitya ukuze idluliselwe kwi-port ekuvunyelwene ngayo / kwi-airport ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Impahla inokulayishwa kwinqanawa enye okanye ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo uwonke wothengiwe. Ukuba isixa-mali asanelanga ukuzalisa ibhokisi yonke, ukuthengwa kuya kulayishwa kwisikhongozeli ekwabelwana ngaso kunye neempahla ezivela kwabanye abathengi ukufikelela kwizibuko elifanayo lokugqibela. Yile nto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-LCL yokuthunyelwa (ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli). Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba, izinto ezininzi ezithunyelwayo zipakishwe kwisikhongozeli kwaye zithuthwa ngelori ukuya kwizibuko/kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya. Ibhokisi ifakwe kunye nezinye iibhokisi ukuze zilayishwe kwinqanawa enye.

5) Ukukhutshwa kweCustoms ekufikeni

Abasemagunyeni bafuna imvume yokungena kweli lizwe ekufikeni kwayo zonke iimpahla ezingena kweli lizwe. Eli nyathelo liquka ukubhengeza iimveliso kunye namaxabiso azo ukumisela isixa somthwalo ohlawulwayo (ukuba akukho kukhululwa).

Ukukhutshwa kwempahla ekhoyo phakathi kwezinto ezithengiswayo kubandakanya ukunikezela ngawo onke amaxwebhu afunekayo kwabasemagunyeni ukuze kukhululwe umthwalo kwaye kuqhutyekwe nenkqubo. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla yempahla ephumayo inokuqala nangaphambi kokuba uthutho lufike kwindawo eya kuyo, kwaye kufuneka iphele phambi kokuba intengo igqithe imiqobo yorhwebo yelizwe.

Umthwalo uthathwa njengongena elizweni xa uwela umda kwaye ushiya ummandla wamasiko (okanye ummandla wamazwe ngamazwe). Umthumeli wempahla, i-arhente yakhe, okanye umthengisi wempahla ephumayo omiselweyo unokwenza unikezelo lwemvume yempahla engenayo ukuba nje enephepha-mvume elisemthethweni. Umntu ophethe i-cocal clearance kufuneka afumane onke amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kuqaliswe inkqubo.

Ngesiqhelo, inkqubo inokuqaliswa ngeekopi eziskeniweyo zamaphepha, nangona ezinye iziphathamandla zifuna ezoqobo phambi kokuba ziyigqibe ngokupheleleyo inkqubo. Ngaphandle kokuba i-Incoterm DDP isetyenziswe ekuthunyelweni (i-Customs Duty Paid), luxanduva lomthengi ukulungiselela nokuhlawula ukukhutshwa kwempahla. Rhoqo, kulula ukuvumela umthumeli wakho wempahla okanye iarhente icoce uthutho lwakho, ukuba nje banawo onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko.

6) Ukuphatha kwindawo oya kuyo

Imisebenzi emininzi kufuneka igqitywe wakuba umthwalo ufikelele kwindawo yawo yokugqibela. Iqala xa ukuthunyelwa kufunyenwe, kwaye amaxwebhu aqinisekiswa yi-arhente apho. Emva koko, i-container ikhutshwe kwiyunithi yokugcina kwi-port kwaye ihanjiswe kwindawo yokugcina indawo, apho imithwalo ihlolwe kwaye ihlelwe ukuba ihanjiswe okanye iqokelelwe.

7) Ukuhanjiswa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo

Ukuhanjiswa komthwalo usuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla usiwe kwidilesi yomthumeli kuchongwe ukuba 'indawo ekuyiwa kuyo okanye uthutho olusuka kwamanye amazwe'. Ilori enye okanye ezininzi (ngamanye amaxesha kwanololiwe) ziqeshwa ukuthutha iimpahla zisiwe kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Eli nyathelo lingathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kumgama.

Kwinkonzo yendlu ngendlu, ukuthuthwa kuqhutyelwa ngumthumeli ojongene nokuhanjiswa kokugqibela. Umthengi unakho ukuzilanda iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina imithwalo aze aphathe ukuhanjiswa kokugqibela eyedwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu/iinkampani ezisebenza kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluluqilima bakhetha esi sisombululo, esinexabiso eliphantsi.

7. Ixabisa malini ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ukusuka eTshayina?

Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa zixhomekeke kwimvelaphi, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo, inkonzo, ubunzima bephakheji, kunye nezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo.

Kunye nobungakanani bephakheji yakho, ubunzima bayo bubaluleke kakhulu kwiindleko zakho zokuthumela. Iiphakheji ezinzima zixabisa ngaphezulu ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa.
Ubungakanani bepakethe yinto ebalulekileyo yokumisela izinga lakho lokuthumela. Njengomthetho jikelele, inkulu ibhokisi, ixabisa ngakumbi ukuhambisa.

Ukuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zomxhasi ngamnye, kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeereyithi kunye neenkonzo. Ngale ndlela, unokukhetha phakathi kweenketho ezimbini eziphambili malunga nokuthuthwa elwandle:

Umthwalo ogcweleyo wesikhongozeli (FCL)

inikeza iindidi ezimbini zezikhongozeli ezigcweleyo:

• Ienyawo ze-20, kunye nomthamo wangaphakathi we-33 cubic metres

• Okanye iinyawo ezingama-40, zikwazi ukuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-66 cubic metres.

Esi sisombululo siqinisekisa inkqubo ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo yokuthumela ngenqanawa, njengoko isikhongozeli sakho siya kutywinwa ukusuka ekuphumeni ukuya kwidilesi yokugqibela oya kuyo.

Ngaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli (LCL)

Olu khetho lungabizi kakhulu kwimithamo ephantsi, njengoko inxalenye enye kuphela yesikhongozeli iya kusetyenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla yakho. Esi sisombululo sikuvumela ukuba unciphise iindleko zakho zokuthumela kakhulu. Iimveliso zakho zilayishwe kwibhokisi ecaleni kwezo zabanye abathengi, kwaye uya kugqiba ukuhlawula kuphela indawo oyifunayo.

I-LCL iyacetyiswa kumthamo ophakathi kwe-0-15m3. Nangona kunjalo, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizibuko lokusuka.

8. Lide kangakanani ixesha lokuHamba?

Ibalwa njani imihla yokuthumela kunye nokuhanjiswa? Lo mhla wokuhanjiswa unokungafumaneki ngaphakathi kwelo xesha ngenxa yotshintsho kwi-inventri okanye umthamo wokuhanjiswa phambi kokuba wenze iodolo yakho.

Inokuba yiyo nantoni na phakathi kwe-12 kunye neentsuku ze-60, konke kuxhomekeke kwiliphi ilizwe othumela kulo kwaye ukhethe indlela yokuthumela. Iodolo yakho iya kuhanjiswa phakathi kweentsuku zokusebenza ezingama-60. Senza kwaye sithumele iodolo yakho ngeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphezulu kangangoko sinakho ukuze sidlulisele ugcino kuwe ngendlela yokuhambisa simahla.

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo ejongene nokulibaziseka kwenkonzo engalindelekanga (imozulu embi, iintlekele zendalo, iziganeko ezingacwangciswanga, njl.), nceda ungeze ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusebenza kumhla oqikelelwayo wokuhanjiswa kwe-oda yakho.

Ixesha lokuhamba libalwa kusetyenziswa iintsuku zokusebenza, okuthetha ukuba uMgqibelo neCawe azibalwa kwixesha lokuhamba. Iiholide nazo zithathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa ixesha lokuhamba.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungenisa iimpahla ukusuka kwelinye lamachweba aphambili e-China ukuya eLos Angeles okanye eLong Beach, ujonge malunga neeveki ezimbini emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, ungalindeli ukuba iimpahla zakho zibe sezandleni zakho phakathi kweentsuku ezili-14.

Uthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe lunzima, ngakumbi xa ukhetha phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela.

Le calculator yexesha lothutho lothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe inika uqikelelo lwexesha lothutho lothutho oludityanisiweyo lwangaphakathi elizweni, uthutho lomoya, nolwandle, ukunika uqikelelo olubanzi lwexesha lokuthunyelwa kwempahla.

Ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuhanjiswa lenzelwe kuphela ireferensi kwaye linokwahluka kwixesha langempela lokuhanjiswa. Nceda wenze isigwebo sakho ngokwemeko kanye.

9. Ngaba Unakho Ukuhlawula Ukuthenga kwelinye ilizwe?

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unako ukuhlawulela iindleko zokungenisa elizweni. Ukungenisa elizweni kufuna imali eninzi ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Eyokuqala yeyokuba xa kujongwa iindleko eziphezulu zokuthumela ngenqanawa okanye zothutho, konga kakhulu ukubeka iiodolo ezinkulu ezimbalwa kunezinye iiodolo ezincinci – ngoko ke iiodolo zokungenisa elizweni zidla ngokuba nkulu, kwaye ke zibiza.

Isizathu sesibini kukuba ukungenisa elizweni kubopha inkunzi yokusebenza. Umntu othenga kuye angacela intlawulo kwasekuqaleni, okanye acele ileta yetyala okanye enye isiqinisekiso sentlawulo kwibhanki yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwimali okanye ukuyisebenzisela ukuqhuba ishishini lakho ngexesha eliphakathi kokufaka iodolo kunye nokuyihlawula, enokusasazeka kwiinyanga ezininzi kwii-odolo ezithile.

Yenza uqikelelo lokuhamba kwemali ukuze uqiniseke ukuba usenakho ukuqhuba ishishini lakho ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa unemali ebotshelelwe kwii-odolo ezivela ngaphandle. Thetha nomgcini-mali wakho, umphathi webhanki, okanye umcebisi wezemali ukuze ujonge kabini ukuba akukho nto uyihoyileyo.

10. Imingcipheko yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe

Kukho imingcipheko eyongezelelekileyo eyayanyaniswa nokuthengwa kwempahla kweli ngaphandle kokuthenga ngaphakathi, kwaye kufuneka ukuba uqaphele oku ukuze ulawule ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya oku kulandelayo komgangatho kunye neenkxalabo zonikezelo:

• Umgama phakathi kwakho nomthengisi wakho unokubaluleka. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima kuwe ukujonga, okanye ukujongana nemiba efana nolawulo lomgangatho.

• Umgama wokuhanjiswa uqhubela phambili, kwaye ixesha lokuhambisa lide, okwenza ukubuyisela iimpahla kube nzima.

Ngenxa yexesha elithathwayo ukuzisa, ungaphelela kwindawo apho kufuneka wamkele iimpahla ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukufumana imveliso yokutshintsha esemgangathweni ngexesha ukuba umboneleli wakho uyakuyeka.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukufumana ababoneleli abathembekileyo kwaye ubeke kuphela ii-odolo ngokwemiqathango ekunika i-inshorensi xa ungaziswanga, kwaye uquke izohlwayo zokuziswa kade okanye iimpahla ezingekho semgangathweni. Ikwahlawula ukuba ube nababoneleli abangabanye, ngoko ke unogcino oluxhasayo ukuba uyalufuna.

11. Ukujongana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano

Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano ngomnye umngcipheko onokuthi ube sesichengeni kuwo njengomntu othenga kumazwe angaphandle. Mhlawumbi uthenga iimpahla ezinexabiso ngemali yangaphandle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano kunokuchaphazela isixa-mali sokugqibela onokuthi ugqibe ukusihlawula ngeedola zaseMelika.

Oyena mniki-nkonzo unexabiso eliphantsi ayingoyena mthengisi ufanelekileyo wokujongana nezinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukufumana umthengisi othembekileyo. Ufuna ukufumana umthengisi oqinisekileyo ngokufanelekileyo:

• ayizukunyamalala ngobusuku nemali yakho

• iza kuhanjiswa ngexesha

• iya kubonelela ngeemveliso ozichazileyo kwaye kwinqanaba lomgangatho olindelekileyo

• uya kukugcina ukwazisa ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye ulibaziseko

• Cela ukubona uluhlu lwabathengi abanokuba ngababoneleli bakho kwaye uqhagamshelane nabo malunga neereferensi. Yenza itshekhi yetyala kwinkampani, kwaye ukuba unako, sebenzisa imali ngokwenyama

• bandwendwele kwaye uhlole indawo yabo, iplanti, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yabo. Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza amalungiselelo okundwendwela indawo, ubuncinci banyanzelise iisampulu phambi kokuba wenze iodolo yakho.

12. Ukusebenzisana nababoneleli baphesheya kweelwandle

Ukusebenzelana nabathengisi kwilizwe lasemzini kudla ngokubandakanya igophe lokufunda. Usenokuba uqhubana nabantu abathetha ulwimi olufana nolwakho, abamasiko nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yahlukile kweyakho. Ithuba lokungaqondani kunye nokunganxibelelani liphezulu kakhulu kunaxa ujongene nababoneleli bendawo.

13. Imigaqo yokurhweba

Phambi kokuba usayine umyalelo wokungenisa elizweni, kuya kufuneka uqonde imigaqo yokurhweba esetyenziswa ngabarhwebi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle, kwaye kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba omabini amaqela ayaqonda ngokufanayo le migaqo.

Ukufumana imiqathango efana ne-EX (imisebenzi yangaphambili okanye i-factory yangaphambili, indawo yokugcina impahla, okanye iplanti), i-FAS (iSikhephe samahala ecaleni kweSikhephe), kunye ne-FOB (Simahla kwiBhodi) akukho nzima njengoko kunokubonakala kuqala. I-International Chamber of Commerce iphuhlise imithetho esemgangathweni yokutolika amagama orhwebo abizwa ngokuba yi-Incoterms.

I-Incoterms 2010 isetyenziswa ngoku, kodwa uhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo, i-Incoterms 2020, kulindeleke ukuba luqalise ukusebenza ngo-2020. Isebe lebhanki yakho yezorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, i-arhente yokuthunyelwa kwempahla okanye iChamber of Commerce yendawo yakho kufuneka ikwazi ukukunceda kule nto.